超临界水氧化法处理苯胺废水

水样中苯胺的超临界水氧化（SCWO）表明氧化剂过氧化氢的用量,试验温度,压力和停留时间对水中TOC的去除率有显著影响,在500℃,25MPa和K1．1条件下,停留时间为35s,TOC去除率可达99％以上,TOC去除率随起始浓度的增加而提高,这表明SCWO适于处理高TOC值废水。     

蒽醌染料及中间体脱色优势菌的特性研究和基因定位

本文对分离到的两株蒽醌染料脱色优势菌的脱色能力及其基因定位进行了研究,结果表明,ＮＤ１,ＮＤ２均能有效脱除活性艳蓝ＫＮ－Ｒ及溴氨酸的色度;两株优势菌均含有质粒,其降解染料的能力是由质粒控制的;并考察了不同碳源、氧、温度、ｐＨ值等理化因素对菌株降解染料的影响。     

活性污泥胞外多聚物的研究进展

本文阐明研究胞外多聚物的重要性入手,从它的性质,来源,在污水和污泥处理中各方面的影响作用,以及胞多聚物的分离提取方法几方面,综述了活性污泥胞外多聚物的研究发展和现状,并提出了一些可供进一步的探索的问题。     

中国生态环境补偿费的理论与实践

在分析、总结国内外有关环境价值理论研究和生态补偿费征收工作实践经验的基础上,对生态环境补偿机制和生态环境补偿费政策的基本框架进行了较为深入的探讨。结果表明,自然要素所固有的生态环境价值是生态环境补偿的理论依据,征收生态环境补偿费是对环境破坏导致的生态环境价值损失的一种补偿。但是,在我国,生态环境补偿费的征收标准应当建立在我国国情所容许的基础之上,既要为保护和改善生态环境积累一定的的资金,又不能对国民经济发展和人民生活造成大的影响。同时,在资金的征收和管理上,应当与国家现有的生态环境管理体制相适应,与加强生态环境保护的统一监督管理机制有机地结合起来。     

Anaerobic degradation of xenobiotic organic contaminants (XOCs): The role of electron flow and potential enhancing strategies

In groundwater, deep soil layer, sediment, the widespread of xenobiotic organic contaminants (XOCs) have been leading to the concern of human health and eco-environment safety, which calls for a better understanding on the fate and remediation of XOCs in anoxic matrices. In the absence of oxygen, bacteria utilize various oxidized substances, e.g. nitrate, sulphate, metallic (hydr)oxides, humic substance, as terminal electron acceptors (TEAs) to fuel anaerobic XOCs degradation. Although there have been increasing anaerobic biodegradation studies focusing on species identification, degrading pathways, community dynamics, systematic reviews on the underlying mechanism of anaerobic contaminants removal from the perspective of electron flow are limited. In this review, we provide the insight on anaerobic biodegradation from electrons aspect — electron production, transport, and consumption. The mechanism of the coupling between TEAs reduction and pollutants degradation is deconstructed in the level of community, pure culture, and cellular biochemistry. Hereby, relevant strategies to promote anaerobic biodegradation are proposed for guiding to an efficient XOCs bioremediation.     

炼油污水深度处理回用的中试

采用两级曝气生物滤池和多介质滤池相串联的中试装置,连续处理某炼油厂污水车间二浮出水,主要考察了中试装置对污水中主要污染物的去除效果和规律,并确定了适宜的气水比。试验结果表明:采用该工艺时,除石油类外,其它各项指标都达到《循环冷却水用再生水水质标准》(HG/T3923-2007)要求的水质指标;两级曝气生物滤池的气水比分别选用5.6∶1和5∶1为宜;验证了BAF是通过生物氧化和过滤两种作用来去除COD,第一段BAF以去除污水中碳化有机物为主,第二段BAF主要以去除污水中的NH4+-N为主。     

Spatial heterogeneity of greenhouse gas emissions from cereal crop production in China

Environmental Chemistry Letters - China is a major producer of wheat, maize and rice, which generates massive greenhouse gas emissions due to the consumption of elevated amounts of energy, land,...     

Spectroscopic characterization and photochemistry of the Criegee intermediate CF3C(H)OO

Criegee intermediates (CIs), also known as carbonyl oxide, are reactive intermediates that play an important role in the atmospheric chemistry. Investigation on the structures and reactivity of CIs is of fundamental importance in understanding the underlying mechanism of their atmospheric reactions. In sharp contrast to the intensively studied parent molecule (CH₂OO) and the alkyl-substituted derivatives, the knowledge about the fluorinated analogue CF₃C(H)OO is scarce. By carefully heating the triplet carbene CF₃CH in an O₂-doped Ar-matrix to 35 K, the elusive carbonyl oxide CF₃C(H)OO in syn- and anti-conformations has been generated and characterized with infrared (IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The spectroscopic identification is supported by ¹⁸O-labeling experiments and quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) and MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) levels. Upon the long-wavelength irradiation (λ > 680 nm), both conformers of CF₃C(H)OO decompose to give trifluoroacetaldehyde CF₃C(H)O and simultaneously rearrange to the isomeric dioxirane, cyclic-CF₃CH(OO), which undergoes isomerization to the lowest-energy carboxylic acid CF₃C(O)OH upon UV-light excitation at 365 nm. The O₂-oxidation of CF₃CH via the intermediacy of CF₃C(H)OO and cyclic-CF₃CH(OO) might provide new insight into the mechanism for the degradation of hydro-chlorofluorocarbon CF₃CHCl₂ (HCFC-123) in the atmosphere.